Nauset Public Schools

Research and Style Manual

| Introduction | Start | Source Cards | Taking Notes | Plagiarism |
| Set-up and Quick Start | In-Text Citation | Works Cited and Consulted | Conventions |

Works Cited  and Consulted for Grades 7-12 (for grades 1-6)

No research paper is complete without a list of the materials from which you have borrowed ideas, facts, opinions, or quotations. You created a running list of sources when you filled out your source cards. Now you must formalize the list to accompany your paper so that a reader can see your sources.

  1. Go through your source cards, discarding any sources you did not use.
  2. The "Works Cited and Works Consulted" page should consist of all works that you specifically quoted, paraphrased, referred to in your text and all works you consulted but did not actually cite in your text.
  3. Arrange your source cards alphabetically according to the author's last name. If no author is indicated, alphabetize by the first prominent word in the title (ignore A, AN, THE). If the work is published by a society and no author is named, use the society as the author in order to alphabetize.
  4. Generally the following publication information should be included and in this order (omit any category that is not applicable):
Books:
  • Author's name (Lastname, First name)
  • Second author's name (and First name Last name)
  • Complete title of book (italicized or underlined)
  • Name of editor (if any)
  • Name of translator, writer providing an introduction or preface, name of a series
  • Edition if other than the first
  • Place, publisher, and date of publication
  • Number of volumes (if more than one)
  • Page numbers when necessary

       Example:

Holtz, Theodore. Meeting Deadlines. Ed. and Preface by Sarah Smith. Trans. Albert Duffy.

    How-To Series. Revised ed. New York: Grant, 1989. 2.

If any of the publication information shown above is not provided, see the examples below for the format.

Magazines:

  • Author's name (surname first)
  • Full title of article (in quotation marks)
  • Name of magazine (italicized)
  • Date of publication
  • Volume number
  • Page numbers (without "p." abbreviation) 

      Example :     

      Spear, Karen. "Building Cognitive Skills." Writer's Marketplace July 1982: 31-33.

Web Pages:
    (Note: Frequently Web pages will not offer all the information listed below. Include as much information as possible.)
  • Author's name (surname first) if available
  • Full title of the page or document
  • Title of site or larger work (if applicable)
  • Date of electronic publication, last update, or date of posting
  • Name of associated institution (if any)
  • Date of download
  • URL <http://address/filename>

Example:

"Case History: Anorexia Nervosa." AMA Health Insight. 30 Oct. 1998. American           

           Medical Association. 10 Dec. 1999 <http://ama.org/anorexia>.

Note: This example is for a general Web page. More specific examples follow and further information is available at the MLA website.

Writing the Works Cited and Works Consulted Pages:

  • The entire Works Cited and Consulted page is double-spaced.
  • Head a new sheet of paper WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED  in all capital letters and centered at the 2" mark. Do not underline or italicize this title.
  • Copy the information from the alphabetized source cards of all works used in your paper.
  • Double-space all lines on the WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED page.
  • The first line of each new entry starts at the left-hand margin.
  • Indent the second and all subsequent lines in each citation half an inch. This is called a hanging indent.
  • After the last entry, double-space and type your name.
  • Place the WORKS CITED AND CONSULTED page(s) immediately after the last page of the text.
  • Truncate the names of publishers.
  • If you have two or more works by the same author, give the author's full name for the first citation and use - - -. for each additional work by that author.
  • Punctuate as shown in the examples that follow

Examples of Works Cited and Works Consulted Entries

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BOOK BY ONE AUTHOR 

French, Warren. J. D. Salinger. Boston: Twayne, 1976.  

Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Bantam, 1951.

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BOOKS, TWO OR MORE BY THE SAME AUTHOR 

Give full information for the first entry. Thereafter, in the place of the 
author's name, type a short line (three hyphens) followed by a period. 
Then proceed with the rest of the publication information.
 
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BOOK BY TWO OR MORE AUTHORS 

Foulke, Robert and Paul Smith. An Anatomy of Literature. New York: Harcourt,
 
	1972.

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BOOK THAT IS EDITED OR A CRITICAL EDITION 

Dryden, John. A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Bernard N. Schilling.
 
	Englewood: Prentice-Hall, 1963.

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BOOK WITH A CORPORATE AUTHOR 

Commission on the Arts. The Arts in Spanish Life. Madrid: U. of Madrid, 1980.

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BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR'S NAME GIVEN 

Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam, 1961. 

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BOOK, ANTHOLOGY 

Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The Nun's Priest's Tale." An Anthology of Famous English 

	and American Poetry. Ed. William Rose Benet and Conrad  Aiken.
	 
	New York: Random House, 1945.

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BOOK, INTRODUCTION, PREFACE, FORWARD OR AFTERWORD 

Cronkite, Walter. Preface. 1984. By George Orwell. New York: Signet Classic,
 
	1983.

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BOOK, AN "EDITION" 

Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar.
 
	Folger Library ed. New York: Washington Square Press, 1958.

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BOOK, TRANSLATION 

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Constance Garnett. 

	New York: Bantam, 1981. 

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS, SIGNED EXCERPT 

Ross, Stephan S. "Tom Wolfe." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G.
 
	Marowski. 35: 458-460. 

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ENCYCLOPEDIA, SIGNED ARTICLE 

Gerber, John C. "Naturalism." World Book Encyclopedia. 1985. 

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ENCYCLOPEDIA, UNSIGNED ARTICLE 

"Tennyson, Alfred Lord." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1962. 

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ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE ON CD ROM* 

Author's Last Name, First Name (if signed). "Title of Article." Title of 

	Reference Work. Edition or version (if available). City of Publication:
	 
	Publisher, Year of Publication. 

Ramet, Sabrina P. "Kosovo." Encarta Deluxe 2000. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: 

	Microsoft, 2000. 

*Note: You may not be able to find all of the information for a CD-ROM citation. 
For example, the city of publication may be difficult to find. Simply cite 
whatever information is available. If you cannot find a date, use the 
designation n.d. for "no date".

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ENCYCLOPEDIA WITH EDITOR/COMPILER 

Benet, William Rose, ed. "Recessional." Reader's Encyclopedia. New York: 
 
	Crowell, 1965. 
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FILM 

The Picture of Dorian Gray. Dir. Albert Lewin. With George Sanders and
 
	Donna Reed. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1972. 

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INTERVIEW 

Shields, N. T. Personal interview. 26 March 1979. 

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MAGAZINE/PERIODICAL ARTICLES 

From a monthly publication:
Ramsey, Pamela. "Where's My Smiley Face?" MacWorld Sept. 1997: 86-94. 

From a weekly or bi-weekly:
Henry, Mary Ann. "Announcing Bus Changes With Flair." Time 4 July 1991: 75-76. 

From a journal with continuous pagination:
Skater, Andrew. "Rollerblading on a Secondary Level." Secondary Education 54
 
     (1990): 113-25 

* Note: Journal titles are NOT followed by periods.

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NEWSPAPER ARTICLE 

Jones, Carol. "Striking a Pose." New York Times 15 Oct. 1997, late ed.: 

	sec. 1: 35+.

Smith, Bob. "Schools Losing Ground." USA Today 5 May 2001: 5D. 

* Note: Newspaper titles are NOT followed by periods. 

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PAMPHLET, SIGNED 

Rosenblatt, Arthur. "Permanent Exhibition Begins to Take Shape." U.S.

	Holocaust Memorial Museum Newsletter. Washington, D. C. 1986.
 
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PAMPHLET, UNSIGNED 

Follett Library Book Co. Follett Forum. Crystal Lake: Follett, February 1988.
 
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PERIODICAL ARTICLE ON CD-ROM 

Nethead, Jane. "Email Rules." New York Times 15 Nov. 1995, late ed,: B3. 

	New York Times Ondisc. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1996. 

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PERSONAL LETTER 

Steinbeck, John. Letter to Princess Grace of Monaco. 6 November 1962. 

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RADIO AND TELEVISION PROGRAMS 

The Last Voyage. Narr. Jacques Cousteau. Writ. and prod. Jacques Cousteau.
 
	PBS Special. WHYY, Philadelphia. 17 January 1972.
 
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REVIEW 

Author of review. "Title of review." Book review publication Year of

	publication. Editor(s). Page number.

Hughes, Riley. "Salinger, Jerome David." Book Review Digest 1951. Eds. Mertia
 
	M. James and Dorothy Brown. 772.
 
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VIDEOTAPES 

Title of videotape. Format. Director. Publisher, Year of publication.

	Length in minutes.

The North Star. Videocassette. Dir. Bruce Goddard. PBS Video, 

	1984. 50 min.

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WORLD WIDE WEB SITE

Author's Last Name, First Name.  "Full title of the page or document."  

	Title of site.  Date of posting/revision.
	
	Name of Institution/Organization Affiliated with site (if any).  
	
	Date you visited the site <URL>. 
	 

Frank, Peter. "Yoko Ono As An Artist." The Fluxus. 1997. 1 Aug. 2000 

    <http://artcommotion.com/>.

*Note: If there is no date of posting, use the designation n.d. to indicate
"no date". In addition, the format of any date cited should be in the format 
of Day Month Year. If there is no author evident, begin with the title
title of the page.
	   
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MAGAZINE/E-ZINE ARTICLE ACCESSED ON THE WEB 
(not through a subscription database) 

Author of article. "Title of Article." Title of magazine. Date of electronic
 
	publication. Date of access <URL>.

Smith, Jane. "Who Really Invented the Internet?" Web Weekly 26 Feb 2001.

 	4 May 2001 <http://webweekly.com/smithwho/>.

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ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE REFERENCE DATABASE OR ENCYCLOPEDIA

Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Reference Work. Edition or version

 	(if available).  Date. Title of the Database or Online Service. 
	
    Date of access <URL>.
	
Smith, Thomas. "Geronimo."  Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2003.
 
	1997-2003. Microsoft Online Reference Tools. 2 Nov. 2003 

    <http://encarta.msn.com/>.

		or

Cook, Sarah Gibbard. “Berlin, Germany.” Americana Online. Vers. 98.1.
 
	Mar. 2002.  Encyclopedia Americana. 29 Feb. 2003 

	<http://americanaonline.com/cities/berlin.htm>.
	
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PERIODICAL REFERENCE FOUND IN AN ONLINE DATABASE 

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of the Article." Title of Journal

	Volume.Issue (day month year): page number/pars.  Name of the Database

	and Collection. Publisher/Service Name. Date you visited the site <URL>.  


EBSCOHOST ONLINE

Barnett, Robert and John Wise. "The Dream World of Professional Athletes." 

	New York Amsterdam News 90.48 (25 Nov. 1999): 46. EbscoHost MAS 

	Ultra School Edition. Ebsco Publishing. 15 Feb. 2003 <http://web7.epnet.com/>.
	
INFOTRAC

Browing, Marc. "Secrets in the Wind." Weatherwise Magazine 51.5 

	(Sept. 1999): 15. Infotrac Student Edition. Gale Group. 25 Oct. 2003
 
    <http://web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/>.
	
	 
SIRS RESEARCHER

Frick, Robert. "Investing in Medical Miracles." Kiplinger's Personal Finance

 	32:8 (Feb. 1999): 33 pars. SIRS Knowledge Source: Researcher. SIRS

	Publications. 25 July 2003 <http://sks.sirs.com/>.

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ARTICLE WHICH APPEARED IN A BOOK FOUND IN AN ONLINE DATABASE

Author. "Article title." Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher:

 	Date. Pages.  Specific database on larger database. Date of access <URL>.

Hoffman, Baruch, Elaine. "The Golden Country: Love in 1984." 1984 Reviewed
 
	in Our Century. New York: Harper and Row, 1983. 47-56.  Republished in 

	Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. 23 Oct. 2001 <http://galenet.gale.com>.

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REFERENCE ARTICLE FOUND IN AN ONLINE DATABASE

Author (if provided). "Article title." Specific Database. Publisher. 

	 Date of access <URL>.
	
"Dean Koontz." DISCovering Authors Modules. Gale Group. 3 Dec. 2000

     <http://galenet.gale.com>.

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REPUBLISHED JOURNAL ESSAY FOUND IN AN ONLINE DATABASE

Author (if provided). "Article title." Original source of article. Date of
 
	original source. Pages of original source. Specific database on larger 

	database. Publisher. Date of access <URL>.

Levin, Harry. "Wonderland Revisited." The Kenyon Review  Autumn, 1965: 591-93.

  Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale Group. 13 Oct. 1999 <http://galenet.gale.com>.

or

Berger, Carol. "Profile of a Basketball Great." Sports in Philadelphia 

	12 Nov. 1999: 23-24. Biography Resource Center. Gale Group. 20 

	Dec. 1999 <http://galenet.gale.com>. 
	
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LISTSERV/MAILING

LIST Author (if given). "Subject  of Message." Date  of posting. Online  

	posting. Name of Discussion List. Access date <URL or email address of the list>.
	
	
Williams, Jim. “Computer to T.V. Screen.” 6 August 1995. Online posting. 

	Global Technology Discussion Group. 21 Nov. 1999 <http://www.gtdg.org>
 
	or <listserv@CITATION.EDU>.
	 
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ONLINE CHAT/SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION

Name of speaker. (if available). "Description of the event." Date of session

 	or event. Date of event. Forum of the communication. Date of access

    <Web or network address>.

Yente, Ima. "Online discussion of future fuels." 24 Oct. 1997 EnvironMOO.

 	28 June 2000 <telnet://IRC@envirosite.edu>.

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E-MAIL, PERSONAL

(Warning: Though many style sheets advise listing personal e-mail addresses in 
a citation, there is the danger of violating the privacy of the author or the 
recipient. The MLA Handbook does not recommend including addresses.)

Sender’s Last Name, First Name. “Subject Line from Posting.” Day Month Year

 	of Posting. Personal e-mail. (or E-mail to recipient's name.)

	Day Month Year of Access.

Smith, William.  "Trial results." 12 Jan. 1999.  E-mail to John Henry. 29 May 1999. 

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ONLINE CHAT/INSTANT MESSAGE

Name of speaker. (if available). Date of session. Online chat.

   <IRC address, IRC channel name, IM CLIENT, or  URL>.

Yente, Ima. Online. 24 Oct. 1997. Online chat. <MSN Messenger>.  

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ONLINE IMAGE

Artist if available. "Description or title of image." Date of image. Online image.

  Title of larger site. Date of download <URL>.

"Mars Landing."  3 Nov. 1999. Online image. NASA. 25 Feb. 2001 <http://www.nasa.org>. 

or 

Weaver, Bruce. "Challenger Explosion." 28 Jan 1986. Online image.

    AP Photo Archive. 30 Jan. 1999 <http://www.ap.com/

	archive/012886.jpg>.

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ONLINE SOUND

Creator if available. "Description or title of sound." Date of Sound. Online sound.

  Title of larger site. Date of download. <URL>. 

"This Week's Saturday Radio Address." 25 Oct. 1998. Online sound.

    Whitehouse Briefing Room. 23 Oct. 2000 <http://www.whitehouse.gov/WH/

    html/briefroom.html>. 

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ONLINE VIDEO CLIP

"Description or title of video clip." Date of clip. Online video clip. Title of

  	hosting site. Date of download <URL>.

"Hindenburg Broadcast." 6 May 1937. Online video clip. Encarta Online Deluxe.

  	4 Nov. 2000 <http://encarta.msn.com/encarta/MediaMax.asp?z>.
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Copyright 2003-5 Nauset Public Schools - All Rights Reserved
Adapted, with permission, from the School District of Springfield Township (PA) Online Research Guide